What is Arduino?
Before we begin building projects with Arduino, it will be usueful to understand what Arduino is, the various components on the Arduino Uno board, and different Arduino boards available.
Generally Arduino means both the Arduino board and Arduino software in the form of IDE. The most common and the most recommended board for beginners is the Arduino Uno Rev3 board. Arduino Uno Rev3 board is a single board micro-controller. It provides an easy interface to the programmable micro-controller and the various input/output pins. The good thing about using the Uno as your first board is that if you do anything wrong you can easily replace the ATmega328P micro-controller.
The Fig. 1 shows the main components on the Arduino Uno R3 board.
This board is based on Atmel's ATmega328P programmable micro-controller along with ATMega16U2 which is preloaded with Boot loader and programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. It has 14 digital input/output pins of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs and 6 analog inputs. Each digital pin provides a maximum of 5V and a minimum of GND. The PWM pins in the Fig 1 is shown by ~ near the pin number. Note that Arduino board does not provide any analog output, however we can use the PWM output as analog output which we will visit later. The locations of these pins on the board is shown in Fig 1 below.
It also has a USB-B port, a center positive power socket, 16 MHz crystal, ICSP headers for both micro-controllers, and a reset button. The board can also be powered through the USB instead of the power jack.
The Fig. 1 shows the main components on the Arduino Uno R3 board.
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| Fig 1. Arduino Uno R3 with main components labelled |
It also has a USB-B port, a center positive power socket, 16 MHz crystal, ICSP headers for both micro-controllers, and a reset button. The board can also be powered through the USB instead of the power jack.
If you connect the power supply in reverse polarity (center negative) through the power socket, there are components on the board that will resist to sent the current in the opposite direction. Note that just protection does not exists if you connect the power supply via the power pins and you may end up damaging your board.
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